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158 lines
5.3 KiB
158 lines
5.3 KiB
6 years ago
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ArrayList 和 Vector 源码分析
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---
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#### 前言
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基于JDK1.10。
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#### ArrayList
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ArrayList实现了List接口、RandomAccess接口,可以插入空数据以及支持随机访问。
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ArrayList相当于动态数组,里面有两个重要属性,elementData以及size。
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```java
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transient Object[] elementData; //数据
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private int size; //数组大小
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```
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首先看一下**构造方法**(只罗列其中一种):
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```java
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public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
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if (initialCapacity > 0) {
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this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
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} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
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this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
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} else {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
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initialCapacity);
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}
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}
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```
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也就是说我们可以指定容量大小,这样可以避免扩容导致的性能损耗。
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**第一种方式添加数据时:**
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```java
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public boolean add(E e) {
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modCount++;
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add(e, elementData, size);
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return true;
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}
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private void add(E e, Object[] elementData, int s) {
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if (s == elementData.length) //第一步:扩容效验
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elementData = grow();
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elementData[s] = e; //第二步:在尾部添加数据并且size+1
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size = s + 1;
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}
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```
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- 首先是扩容效验
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- 把数据插入到最后,并且 size + 1
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**第二种方式添加数据时:**
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```java
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public void add(int index, E element) {
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rangeCheckForAdd(index); //第一步:判断插入的index是否合理
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modCount++;
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final int s;
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Object[] elementData;
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if ((s = size) == (elementData = this.elementData).length) //第二步:扩容效验
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elementData = grow();
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System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,s - index); //第三步:拷贝数组,并把index后的数据往后移一位,把数据插入到index位置上,size + 1
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elementData[index] = element;
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size = s + 1;
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}
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```
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- 首先判断插入的index是否合理,以及依旧进行扩容效验
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- 拷贝数组插入数据,size + 1
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**扩容效验:**
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```java
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private Object[] grow() {
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return grow(size + 1);
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}
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private Object[] grow(int minCapacity) {
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return elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity(minCapacity)); //拷贝旧数组,容量大小为以前的1.5倍
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}
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private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) {
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// overflow-conscious code
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int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
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int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); //容量扩大为之前的1.5倍
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if (newCapacity - minCapacity <= 0) {
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if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
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return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); //private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
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if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
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throw new OutOfMemoryError();
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return minCapacity;
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}
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return (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE <= 0) //private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
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? newCapacity
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: hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
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}
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private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
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if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
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throw new OutOfMemoryError();
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return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
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? Integer.MAX_VALUE
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: MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
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}
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```
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可以看出,如果是非极端的情况下(比如初始容量很小和很大),都会将容量扩大至以前的1.5倍。
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所以,ArrayList的性能损耗主要在于数据的拷贝,所以可以适当情况下指定容量大小,应该尽量减少扩容操作,更要避免在指定位置插入数据的操作。
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**序列化:**
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仔细看的话肯定能看到前面的elementData是用transient修饰的,也就是拒绝数据被自动序列化。因为ArrayList并不是所有位置都有数据,所以没必要全部序列话,应该只序列化有数据的部分。
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```java
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private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
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throws java.io.IOException {
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// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
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int expectedModCount = modCount;
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s.defaultWriteObject();
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// Write out size as capacity for behavioral compatibility with clone()
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s.writeInt(size);
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// Write out all elements in the proper order.
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for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { //只序列化有数据的部分
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s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
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}
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if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
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throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
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}
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}
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```
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#### Vector
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和ArrayList很相似,同样实现了List、RandomAccess接口,可以插入空数据以及支持随机访问。内部通过动态数组来实现,不过add、get方法都加了synchronized同步锁。
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```java
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public synchronized boolean add(E e) {
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modCount++;
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add(e, elementData, elementCount);
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return true;
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}
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private void add(E e, Object[] elementData, int s) {
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if (s == elementData.length)
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elementData = grow();
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elementData[s] = e;
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elementCount = s + 1;
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}
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public void add(int index, E element) {
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insertElementAt(element, index);
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}
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```
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所以,可以把Vector理解为一个加锁的ArrayList。
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